Plough Wikipedia. Traditional ploughing a farmer works the land with horses and plough. Royal Library of Spain. Modern tractor ploughing in South Africa. This plough has five non reversible mouldboards. The fifth, empty furrow on the left may be filled by the first furrow of the next pass. A plough UK or plow US both is a tool or farm implement used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting to loosen or turn the soil. Ploughs were traditionally drawn by working animals such as horses or cattle, but in modern times are drawn by tractors. A plough may be made of wood, iron, or steel frame with an attached blade or stick used to cut the earth. It has been a basic instrument for most of recorded history, although written references to the plough do not appear in English until c. The plough represents one of the major agricultural inventions in human history. The primary purpose of ploughing is to turn over the upper layer of the soil, bringing fresh nutrients to the surface, while burying weeds and the remains of previous crops and allowing them to break down. As the plough is drawn through the soil it creates long trenches of fertile soil called furrows. In modern use, a ploughed field is typically left to dry out, and is then harrowed before planting. Turtle Beach Santa Cruz Driver'>Turtle Beach Santa Cruz Driver. Disadvantages Of Manual Recruitment CompaniesPloughing and cultivating a soil homogenises and modifies the upper 1. In many soils, the majority of fine plant feeder roots can be found in the topsoil or plough layer. Ploughs were initially human powered, but the process became considerably more efficient once animals were pressed into service. The first animal powered ploughs were undoubtedly pulled by oxen, and later in many areas by horses generally draft horses and mules, although various other animals have been used for this purpose. In industrialised countries, the first mechanical means of pulling a plough were steam powered ploughing engines or steam tractors, but these were gradually superseded by internal combustion powered tractors. Modern competitions take place for ploughing enthusiasts like the National Ploughing Championships in Ireland. Use of the plough has decreased in some areas, often those significantly threatened by soil damage and erosion, in favour of shallower ploughing and other less invasive conservation tillage techniques. EtymologyeditIn older English, as in other Germanic languages, the plough was traditionally known by other names, e. Samantha Swift Games Full Version. Old Englishsulh, Old High Germanmedela, geiza, huohiln, Old Norsearr Swedishrder, and Gothichha, all presumably referring to the ard scratch plough. Disadvantages Of Manual Recruitment Portal Tanzania' title='Disadvantages Of Manual Recruitment Portal Tanzania' />The term plough or plow, as used today, was not common until 1. The modern word plough comes from Old Norseplgr, and therefore Germanic, but it appears relatively late it is not attested in Gothic, and is thought to be a loanword from one of the north Italic languages. Words with the same root appeared with related meanings in Raeticplaumorati wheeled heavy plough Pliny, Nat. Hist. 1. 8, 1. 72, and in Latinplaustrum farm cart, plstrum, plstellum cart, and plxenum, plximum cart box. The word must have originally referred to the wheeled heavy plough, which was common in Roman northwestern Europe by the a. Orel 2. 00. 34 tentatively attaches plough to a PIE stem blk, which gave Armenianpeem to dig and Welshbwlch crack, though the word may not be of Indo European origin. The diagram right shows the basic parts of the modern plough beamhitch Brit hakevertical regulatorcoulter knife coulter pictured, but disk coulter commonchisel foreshareshare mainsharemouldboard. Other parts not shown or labelled include the frog or frame, runner, landside, shin, trashboard, and stilts handles. On modern ploughs and some older ploughs, the mouldboard is separate from the share and runner, so these parts can be replaced without replacing the mouldboard. Abrasion eventually destroys all parts of a plough that come into contact with the soil. HistoryeditWhen agriculture was first developed, simple hand held digging sticks and hoes were used in highly fertile areas, such as the banks of the Nile where the annual flood rejuvenates the soil, to create drills furrows to plant seeds in. Digging sticks, hoes, and mattocks were not invented in any one place, and hoe cultivation must have been common everywhere agriculture was practiced. Hoe farming is the traditional tillage method in tropical or sub tropical regions, which are characterised by stony soils, steep slope gradients, predominant root crops, and coarse grains grown at wide distances apart. While hoe agriculture is best suited to these regions, it is used in some fashion everywhere. Traffic Flow V5 Games. Instead of hoeing, some cultures use pigs to trample the soil and grub the earth. Ancient Egyptian ard, c. BC. Burial chamber of SennedjemSome ancient hoes, like the Egyptian mr, were pointed and strong enough to clear rocky soil and make seed drills, which is why they are called hand ards. U. S. Military Retired Handbook Published by Military Handbooks, FREE Military Handbooks and Guides Since 2001. North Central Railway is known as the Workhorse of Indian Railways which spreads across three divisions viz Allahabad, Jhansi and Agra, It extends from Ghaziabad. RECRUITMENT STRATEGIES MANAGINGEFFECTING THE RECRUITMENT PROCESS By Margaret A. Richardson ABSTRACT Recruitment, as a human resource management function, is one of. However, the domestication of oxen in Mesopotamia and the Indus valley civilization, perhaps as early as the 6th millennium BC, provided mankind with the draft power necessary to develop the larger, animal drawn true ard or scratch plough. The earliest evidence of a ploughed field in the world was found at the Indus Valley Civilization site of Kalibangan c. B. C. 5The earliest was the bow ard, which consists of a draft pole or beam pierced by a thinner vertical pointed stick called the head or body, with one end being the stilt handle and the other a share cutting blade that was dragged through the topsoil to cut a shallow furrow ideal for most cereal crops. The ard does not clear new land well, so hoes or mattocks must be used to pull up grass and undergrowth, and a hand held, coulter like ristle could be used to cut deeper furrows ahead of the share. Because the ard leaves a strip of undisturbed earth between the furrows, the fields are often cross ploughed lengthwise and widthwise, and this tends to form squarish fields Celtic fields. The ard is best suited to loamy or sandy soils that are naturally fertilised by annual flooding, as in the Nile Delta and Fertile Crescent, and to a lesser extent any other cereal growing region with light or thin soil. By the late Iron Age, ards in Europe were commonly fitted with coulters. Mouldboard ploughedit. Disadvantages Of Manual Recruitment 2017Parts of a plough 1 beam 2 three point hitch hake 3 height regulator 4 coulter 5 chisel 6 share 7 mouldboard. To grow crops regularly in less fertile areas, the soil must be turned to bring nutrients to the surface. A major advance for this type of farming was the turnplough, also known as the mouldboard plough UK, moldboard plow US, or frame plough. A coulter or skeith could be added to cut vertically into the ground just ahead of the share in front of the frog, a wedge shaped cutting edge at the bottom front of the mouldboard with the landside of the frame supporting the undershare below ground component. The upper parts of the frame carry from the front the coupling for the motive power horses, the coulter and the landside frame. Depending on the size of the implement, and the number of furrows it is designed to plough at one time, a forecarriage with a wheel or wheels known as a furrow wheel and support wheel may be added to support the frame wheeled plough.